I Want to Teach :: Teaching Philosophy Education Essays

US Military Colt M1911 Pistol

US Military Colt M1911 Pistol Colt M1911 Specifications: Cartridge: .45 ACPCapacity: 7 round separable box magazineMuzzle Velocity: 835 ft./sec.Weight: approx. 2.44 lbs.Length: 8.25 in.Barrel Length: 5.03 in.Action: Short Recoil Operation Colt M911 Design Development During the 1890s, the US Army started scanning for a compelling self-loader gun to supplant the pistols that were then in administration. This finished in a progression of tests in 1899-1900 in which models from Mauser, Colt, and Steyr Mannlicher were inspected. Because of these tests, the US Army bought 1,000 Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken (DWM) Luger guns which shot a 7.56 mm cartridge. While the mechanics of these guns were agreeable, the US Army (and different clients) found that the 7.56 mm cartridge needed adequate halting force in the field. A comparative grumbling was stopped by US troops engaging the Philippine Insurrection. Furnished with M1892 Colt guns, they found that its .38 cal. round was inadequate to cut down a charging foe, particularly in the nearby limits of wilderness fighting. To incidentally amend the circumstance, more seasoned .45 cal. M1873 Colt guns were sent to the Philippines. The heavier round immediately demonstrated move viable. This alongside the aftereffects of the 1904 Thompson-LeGarde tests drove organizers to infer that another gun should, at least, discharge a .45 cal. cartridge. Looking for another .45 cal. plan, the Chief of Ordnance, Brigadier General William Crozier, requested another arrangement of tests. Colt, Bergmann, Webley, DWM, Savage Arms Company, Knoble, and White-Merril all submitted plans. After primer testing, the models from Colt, DWM, and Savage were endorsed for the following round. While Colt and Savage submitted improved structures, DWM chose to pull back from the opposition. Somewhere in the range of 1907 and 1911, broad field testing occurred utilizing both the Savage and Colt structures. Continually improved as the procedure pushed ahead, John Brownings Colt configuration at last won the opposition. M1911 Design The activity of Brownings M1911 configuration is draw back activity. As ignition gases drive the slug down the barrel, they likewise apply a converse movement on the slide and barrel pushing them in reverse. This movement at last prompts an extractor ousting the spent packaging before a spring inverts the heading and loads another round from the magazine. As a major aspect of the structure procedure, the US Army coordinated that the new gun have both grasp and manual protections. Operational History Named the Automatic Pistol, Caliber .45, M1911 by the US Army, the new gun entered administration in 1911. Surveying the M1911, the US Navy and Marine Corps acknowledged it for utilize two years after the fact. The M1911 saw broad use with American powers during World War I and performed well. As wartime needs surpassed Colts creation capacities, an extra assembling line was set up at the Springfield Armory. In the wake of the contention, the US Army started evaluating the M1911s execution. This prompted a few minor adjustments and the presentation of the M1911A1 in 1924. Among the progressions to Brownings unique plan were a more extensive front site, shorter trigger, an all-encompassing grasp wellbeing prod, and a streamlined structure on the holds. Creation of the M1911 quickened during the 1930s as pressures far and wide elevated. Subsequently, the sort was the central sidearm of US powers in World War II. During the contention, around 1.9 million M1911s were created by a few organizations including Colt, Remington Rand, and Singer. The US Army acquired such huge numbers of M1911s that it didn't buy new guns for quite a long while after the war. A profoundly effective structure, the M1911 stayed being used with US powers during the Korean and Vietnam Wars. In the late 1970s, the US military went under expanding pressure from Congress to normalize its gun plans and discover a weapon that could use the NATO-standard 9mm Parabellum gun cartridge. An assortment of testing programs pushed ahead in the mid 1980s which brought about the choice of the Beretta 92S as the M1911s substitution. Notwithstanding this change, the M1911 saw use in the 1991 Gulf War with an assortment of particular units. The M1911 has likewise stayed well known with US Special Forces units which have conveyed variations during the Iraq War and Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. Because of their utilization of the weapon, the Army Marksman Unit started trying different things with improving the M1911 in 2004. Assigned the M1911-A2 venture, they delivered a few variations for Special Forces use. The M1911 has been delivered under permit in different nations and is at present being used with various militaries around the globe. The weapon is likewise well known with athletes and serious shooters. What's more, the M1911 and its subordinates are being used with law implementation organizations, for example, the Federal Bureau of Investigations Hostage Rescue Team, various neighborhood S.W.A.T. units, and numerous nearby police powers. Chosen Source Carmelizing: History of the M1911 PistolOlive-Drab: M1911/1911A1 PistolWorld Guns: Colt M1911 Pistol

Video Lesson In-Text Citations

Video Lesson In-Text Citations (9) Level: Beginner Length: 2:40 Notes: Citations are in MLA format Looking for more? Click here to see all of our video lessons and infographics. We teach students at a young age that they’re not allowed to copy others’ work, but when they’re older, students learn that it is okay in some instances, specifically when it comes to research projects. This shift in thinking can be quite confusing for students! So, what’s the solution? At , we recommend teaching students how to be responsible researchers at a young age. We think this video, which provides an introduction to in-text, or parenthetical citations, is a great addition to your classroom resources. In-text citations are important and should be regularly used by students in their research projects to: Prevent plagiarism Allow readers to see that a piece of information originated elsewhere Provide readers with a glimpse as to who created the original source Demonstrate a student’s ability to locate, analyze, and connect the information from other sources to their own research project topic or thesis statement Ready to get started with the ins and outs of in-text citations? This video provides students with an understanding of: What in-text citations are Why in-text citations are important How to format in-text citations for paraphrases and direct quotes in MLA format How in-text citations connect to citations found in a Works Cited list In-text citations look different depending on the citation format you plan to use with your students. document.createElement('video'); /wp-content/uploads/2017/09/In-text-Citations.mp4 Here is the proper format for in-text citations in MLA and APA format, which are the two most popular types of citation formats. MLA Format: (Author’s Last name Page number) Example: Prisoners were told to bring, “a backpack, some food, a few items of clothing. Nothing else” (Weisel 35). APA Format: (Author’s Last name, Year published) Example: Prisoners were told to bring, “a backpack, some food, a few items of clothing. Nothing else” (Weisel, 2006). While MLA and APA in-text citations are formatted differently, they do have some similarities. If citing a direct quote, the ending quotation mark is placed before the in-text citation. In addition, a period is placed at the very end. Citing a source that doesn’t have page numbers? Looking to learn more? Check out EasyBib citation guides for MLA format and APA format, which have an in-depth explanation of in-text citations. For those who use EasyBib Plus or subscription service, there is an option to create in-text, or parenthetical citations. To find it, go to the final page of creating a full citation and click “Parenthetical” below the citation. Edit the information you’d like to include in your in-text citation, and copy and paste the result into your own research project. Looking for more videos to help with the research process? Be on the lookout for more coming your way! We’re planning on rolling out videos related to the research process and plagiarism in the months to come! Here are our other videos. Subscribe to our newsletter to be the first to receive our new and exciting resources for educators.

Review Of Christopher Columbus s The New World

3. Achievements of Christopher Columbus. 3.1. Finding and Colonising of the New World. King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, the Catholic Monarchs of Aragon, Castile, and Leon in Spain sponsored Columbus’ first journey. The funding was used to give Columbus crewmembers, and the money to afford three ships called the Nià ±a, Pinta, and Santa Marà ­a. Columbus and his crew then sailed west in hopes to find an alternate route to the lucrative Chinese trade markets or a new Silk Road. After two months (October 12 1492) of sailing, a sailor named Rodrigo de Triana spotted land. Columbus then sailed towards the newly perceived land that Columbus called, San Salvador, or what we know today as, the Bahamas. This was the first finding of America in Europe in the Medieval Ages. Later, after discovering San Salvador he then sailed unknowingly, ending up on the island of Hispaniola, which the Native American called Haità ­ and Columbus renamed La Espaà ±ola. On December 25th, 1492, Santa Marà ­a ran aground and had to abandon ship, making Columbus’ last resort option of negotiating with local chieftain, Guacanagari where Columbus requested thirty-nine of his men be left behind in a settlement called La Navidad, while he captains the Nià ±a. This action created a very innovative importance in both the modern ages and medieval ages. The New World opened up new opportunity for trade of food between the Native Americans and the Europeans. This created what is known as the Columbian Exchange. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Christopher Columbus: Villain or Hero?1521 Words   |  7 Pageslifted Christopher Columbus to heights of greatness and god-like. We celebrate his life as though he was a man that had done us a great favor. In resent years Christopher Columbus has come under scrutiny, his life and works being questioned more than celebrated. There have be many great men and women that contributed to the building of our great nation but they do not receive anywhere as much recognition as Columbus. When a person begins to study the actual accounts of the finding of the New WorldRead MoreEffects Of European Expansion On America1407 Words   |  6 PagesCivilization 3/08/16 The Effects of European Expansion For many generations, it was taught that the expansion of Europe to the Americas, (also known as the European expansion), had a huge impact on all societies of the old world. The importance of this was taught to societies all across the world, and was indeed a necessary occurrence. Up until recently, the idea was never given any real thought for the majority of people as to how, over many generations in the family and throughout the passage of time, howRead More Christopher Columbus Motivations to Sail West for the Indies3756 Words   |  16 PagesChristopher Columbus Motivations to Sail West for the Indies Christopher Columbus lived in an age of Moslem expansion in the east. With the fall of Constantinople in 1453, direct land routes to the Indies were closed to European merchants and traders, thus creating the need to find a sea route to the Indies. Portugal had spent years sailing the coast of Africa to reach the Indies, but Columbus thought he had a better way: sailing west. With the defeat of the Moors in 1492 Queen IsabellaRead More Syphilis: Alive and Well Essay2401 Words   |  10 Pagesafter Christopher Columbus and his crew sailed back into the harbor of Palos, Spain on March 15, 1493 (Hayden, 2003). The question of where syphilis came from has been hotly debated for centuries. The two main theories of the origin of syphilis are the New World/Columbian Theory and the Old World/ Pre-Columbian Theory. The New World/ Columbian Theory holds that syphilis was endemic on the island of modern day Haiti, when Christopher Columbus and his crew discovered this island in the New WorldRead MoreReview Of Invisible Horizon True Mysteries Of The Sea 1674 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Literature I. Introduction to the Bermuda Triangle The Bermuda Triangle is a legendary mythological section of the Atlantic Ocean, made up of triangle formed by Miami, Florida; San Juan Puerto Rico; and the islands of the Bahamas. The triangle cover about five-hundred thousand (500,000) square miles of the ocean. The phrase â€Å"Bermuda Triangle† was first coined by Vincent H. Gaddis. He was writing an article for Argosy magazine back in 1964. TheRead MoreReview Of Invisible Horizon True Mysteries Of The Sea 1676 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Literature I. Introduction to the Bermuda Triangle The Bermuda Triangle is a legendary mythological section of the Atlantic Ocean, made up of triangle formed by Miami, Florida; San Juan Puerto Rico; and the islands of the Bahamas. The triangle cover about five-hundred thousand (500,000) square miles of the ocean. The phrase â€Å"Bermuda Triangle† was first coined by Vincent H. Gaddis. He was writing an article for Argosy magazine back in 1964. The article was received exceptionallyRead MorePersuasive Essay About Christopher Columbus1449 Words   |  6 Pagescatholic man determined to find a new trade route to the Asian continents accidently discovers the American continent, by doing so he introduces the old world to the new. I’m speaking of course of Christopher Columbus, the great explore. Little did he know that he would spark a fire of exploration and conquest. Fueled by greed and of lavish stories told about cities of gold. The Conquistadors of Spain would come in ships by the hundreds, roaming and pi llaging the new lands of South America. As theRead MoreWorld Civ Quiz3656 Words   |  15 PagesAPWH Ch. 23-25 Test Review Ch. 23 1. The Portuguese mariner who sailed to Calicut in 1498 was A. Dias B. Columbus C. Cook D. Vasco da Gama 2. Which of the following was not one of the main inspirations for European exploration? A. The desire to conquer China and India B. The search for basic resourcesC. The desire to establish new trade routes to Asian marketsD. The desire to spread Christianity 3. The first European nation to dominate trade withRead MorePerspective on Color and Race from a Childs Eye Essay1864 Words   |  8 PagesWhen children come into the world they are not born hating anyone, in fact they are born completely helpless and dependent on another person to care for them. Children are also dependent on others to learn. They come into this world needing to feel protected and loved, so why do we teach them to hate? Why not instead teach them to love? There are many things that will need to change in our society to dismantle racism; however it will nee d to start with our children. My paper will show who isRead MoreReview Of The Bermuda Triangle 1795 Words   |  8 PagesReview of Literature I. Introduction to the Bermuda Triangle The Bermuda Triangle is a legendary mythological section of the Atlantic Ocean, made up of the triangle formed by Miami, Florida; San Juan Puerto Rico; and the islands of the Bahamas. The triangle covers about five-hundred thousand (500,000) square miles of the ocean. The phrase â€Å"Bermuda Triangle† was first coined by Vincent H. Gaddis (1913-1997). He was writing an article for Argosy magazine back in 1964. The article was received

Social Networking Sites For College Students Essay

Introduction Raacke, J. Bonds-Raacke, J. (2008) says in order to interact with others such as family and friends in the past few years Social Networking Sites have emerged. DeAndrea, Ellison, LaRose, Steinfield Fiore (2012) states that Social Networking Sites has a defining feature of decreasing the barriers to interact with each other by enabling online communications. Pempek, Yemolayeva Calvert (2009) states that Social Networking Sites create innovative ways to send pictures, photos, messages online to the private and public. The most popular Social Networking Sites used now days among college students are Facebook, Twitter, Linked in and My Space. Due to its heavy usage Facebook among the several other Social Networking Sites is considered as rich site for researchers who are interested to research Social Networking Sites. Facebook (2009) states that Facebook which was initially created for college students attracted 150 million users with more than half of them outside college. Saba Mehmood and Tarang Taswir (2013) states social networking sites have increased the ability of integrating learning with an online environment. Apart from using Social Networking Sites for chatting, blogging it is now being used in different ways like forming communities. Universal McCann survey (cited in Laudon Traver, 2011) states that over 70% of people visited their friends profile and 60% were between the age of sixteen and fifty four years old. The countries which have moreShow MoreRelatedSocial Networking Sites Are Beneficial Or Harmful?1713 Words   |  7 PagesThere is much controversy on whether or not social networking sites are beneficial or harmful to society. Sites like Facebook, Twitter and Instagram have become an important part in the everyday lives of many adolescents, teenagers and young adults. They have become such an important part of the lives of the younger crowd that older generations refer to them as â€Å"the wired generation† (Jacobsen, 2011). Many question whether or not this new â€Å"wired generation† is positive of negative. Different peopleRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography1438 Words   |  6 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Parampreet Kainth Sheridan College Professor: Chrisoula Benak Date: Friday, March 15th. 2013 Jung, Brain. â€Å"The Negative Effect of Social Media on Society and Individuals | Chron.com. Small Business - Chron.com. Retrieved March 15 2013 lt;http://smallbusiness.chron.com/negative-effect-social-media-society-individuals-27617.htmlgt;. This is an article which talks about how the social networking system, although looks really great is in the sameRead MoreThe Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"Youthful Indiscretions: Should Colleges Protect Social Network Users from Themselves and Others?†838 Words   |  4 PagesIndiscretions: Should Colleges Protect Social Network Users from Themselves and Others?† is written by Dana L. Fleming and appears in the winter 2008 issue of the New England Journal of Higher Education. Fleming’s objective with this article is to show college students the dangers of social networking sites, and at the same time she is advising parents on the social networking world. In this article she is giving us a look into the damage that social networks can do to students in their job, schoolRead MoreYouthful Indiscretions: Should Colleges Protect Social Network Users from Themselves and Others?989 Words   |  4 Pagesopinion in favor of institutionalized involvement in social network protection in her article â€Å"Youthful Indiscretions: Should Colleges Protect Social Network Users from Themselves and Others?† (Fleming). Posted in the New England Journal of Higher Education, winter of 2008 issue, Fleming poses the question of responsibility in monitoring students’ online social networking activities. With a growing population of students registering on social networks like Facebook and MySpace, she introduces theRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Students Academic Performance Essay1356 Words   |  6 Pagesthe rise of social media, young men and women now exchange ideas, feelings, personal information, pictures and videos at a truly astonishing rate. As social networking sites continue to grow, there is a continual debate on whether it is beneficial or harmful to users. Many learners, especially college students, utilize these sites on a daily basis. Researchers all throughout the world have been diving into a considerable amount of research on how social media influences overall student academic performanceRead MoreCan Social Media Improve Literacy And Communication Skills?1021 Words   |  5 PagesLiteracy Trust, nineteen percent of the students never read fiction books and twenty percent never read non-fiction books. On the other hand, almost two-thirds surf the website weekly, 55% read emails, and 46% blogs. (Clark) The biggest question is, â€Å"Can social media improve literacy and communication skills?† Young individuals are more attracted to the freedom they receive from the social networking sites, text messaging, and blogs. The use of social networking sites and blogs are a new form of litera tureRead MoreThe Current System Of Global Social Networking Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagesexchange of thoughts and ideas among people were once hindered by long distances and cultural divides, but this is no longer true as knowledge and information are currently free flowing. The current system of global social networking allows for ample sharing of thoughts and ideas with online social networks such as Twitter and Facebook emerging as giants in this new world (Hogan, 2010). Qualman (2010) stated that the introduction of technological innovations and infrastructure into countries has been a majorRead MoreThe Effects of Facebook to Study Habits1734 Words   |  7 PagesPasig Catholic College High School Department S.Y. 2011 - 2012 THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING TO THE STUDY HABITS OF 4TH YEAR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS A Thesis Presented To: Mrs. Ma. Teresa C. Radovan In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements In English IV Submitted by: Juan Paulo Concepcion Renz Daniel Tenedero Jeffrey Sanchez John Lemuel Lastimado Jeoffrey Asuncion March 2011 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM INTRODUCTION As many as you know, social networks have been famous since 2001 withRead MoreThe Current System Of Global Social Networking Essay1662 Words   |  7 Pagesexchange of thoughts and ideas among people were once hindered by long distances and cultural divides, but this is no longer true as knowledge and information are currently free flowing. The current system of global social networking allows for ample sharing of thoughts and ideas with online social networks such as Twitter and Facebook emerging as giants in this new world (Hogan, 2010). Qualman (2010) stated that the introduction of technological innovations and infrastructure into countries has been a majorRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Our Society1559 Words   |  7 Pagesdeny that social media has taken over conventional media in the world today. We can easily see that they have impacts on our society. Since the introduction of social network sites years ago, to communicate with friends and family has been easy once you have access to internet.The definition of social media is the relationship that exist between network of people (Walter Riviera, 2004). In the last ten years, the online world has changed dramatically. Thanks to the ivention of social media, young

Conventional Cytogenetic Report Free Essays

This report is studying about conventional cytogenetic, and we will focus on a technique called ‘karyotyping’. This repot is going to introduce about the definition, the history and the improvements of karyotyping made before, what is the process and the working principle of this technique and also how if can be applied in our daily life. Karyotyping is a test to examine chromosomes in a sample of cells, which can help identify genetic problems as the cause of a disorder or disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Conventional Cytogenetic Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now The term ‘karyotyping’ is come from ‘karyotype’, which is the characteristic chromosome complement of a eukaryote species. The preparation and study of karyotypes is part of cytogenetics. In the middle and late 18th century, scientists were aware of the presence of chromosomes but had difficulty studying them because of their extremely small size. Chromosomes were first observed in plant cells by a scientist called Karl Wilhelm von Nageli in 1842, but since the samples they took had small chromosomes. After the development of genetics in the early 20th century, when it was appreciated that the set of chromosomes, the karyotype was the carrier of the genes. Another scientist Levitsky seems to have been the first to define the karyotype as the phenotypic appearance of the somatic chromosomes, in contrast to their genic contents. It took until the middle 1950s until it became generally accepted that the karyotype of humans included only 46 chromosomes. Rather interestingly, the great apes have 48 chromosomes. Human chromosome 2 was formed by a merger of ancestral chromosomes, which reducing the number. Investigation into the human karyotype took many years to settle by two famous scientists: Hans von Winiwarter and Theophilus Shickel Painter. Hans von Winiwarter examined normal human diploid cells to try and define the number of chromosomes that humans have. In his time, guesses ranged from 16 to 36. He used the most powerful microscopes available in his day in one of the first accurate karyotyping attempts, and counted specifically between 46 and 49 chromosomes in his samples in 1912. He concluded that females had two X chromosomes and males had only one X chromosome and no Y chromosome. Theophilus Shickel Painter in 1922 was not certain whether the diploid number of humans was 46 or 48, at first favouring 46. He revised his opinion later from 46 to 48, and he correctly insisted on humans having an XX/XY system. And there are two advanced skills in karyotyping. The first one is Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), this method is going to investigate the use of virtual karyotypes for diagnostically challenging renal epithelial tumors. First is to evaluate 25 archived renal neoplasms where sub-classification could not be rendered based on morphology and other ancillary studies. Then it will generate virtual karyotypes with the Affymetrix 10 K 2. 0 mapping array platform and identify the presence of genomic lesions across all 22 autosomes. The second one is Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), it is going  to scan the entire genome for variations in DNA copy number. Total genomic DNA is isolated from test and reference cell populations, differentially labeled and hybridized to metaphase chromosomes or DNA microarrays. The relative hybridization intensity of the test and reference signals at a given location is then proportional to relative copy number of those sequences in the test and reference genomes. The increases and decreases in the intensity ratio directly indicate DNA copy-number variation in the genome of the test cells. How to cite Conventional Cytogenetic Report, Papers

Job Description Essay Example

Job Description Essay Job Description Name: Date: The Necessity of Job descriptions. We will write a custom essay sample on Job Description specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Job Description specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Job Description specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A job description is a broad or general written statement of a particular job. This description bases on the findings of a job analysis carried out for this job. A job description includes the job title, scope, purpose, responsibilities, working conditions, remuneration, and the designation of the person to whom the employee reports. It also includes evaluation criteria, physical location, and qualifications for the position. A job description helps an employee to get the right candidates for a job, provide a guideline for compensation and serves as a basis for outlining performance expectation, job evaluation, and career advancement. It helps an employee identify his/her scope of work and know to whom he/she reports. It also ensures legal compliance to labor laws. There are two types of job descriptions. These are specific and general job description. A specific job description gives elaborate information about a job. Details in a specific job description include skills and abilities of the employee, detailed scope of work, detailed job definition and employee responsibilities. It tells both the employee and employee how different the particular job is from other positions. For example if a company has several secretaries, a specific job description will outline the duties of each secretary. This will show the difference in their scope of work. A general job description gives basic information on a position. It informs on the type of job and outlines the responsibilities of the position. Lack of a job description can have some on both the employer and to the employees. To begin with, there would lack a sense of organization. Due to lack of a job description for each employee, no one will know his or her role in the organization. There would therefore be confusion and there would be no achievement. Secondly, there would occur poor results as wok will be done but not necessarily the by the qualified professional. Thirdly, there would lack a proper hierarchical structure in line with functions. The flow of information would suffer as a result. This will lead to poor or no reaction to existing work demands which will ultimately lead to poor quality of work or no work at all. There would also lack clarity on issues like remunerations and working conditions. This may lead to over or underpayment for less or more responsibility respectively. Reference: . Nkomo, S. M., Fottler, M. D., McAfee, R. B. (2011). Human resource management applications. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Prien, Erich P., Goodstein, Leonard D., Goodstein, Jeanette, Gamble, Louis G., Jr. (2009). A Practical Guide to Job Analysis: Epub Edition. John Wiley Sons Inc. Revising of a job description. Secretaries are an essential part of an organization. Traditionally in most organizations, a secretary is a person whose responsibility is to keep records, make appointments and assists with correspondence in their offices. This has limited the scope of work of secretaries to records and phone calls. Secretaries can be of more benefit to companies if their scope of work broadened. Limiting their scope of work between records and phone calls deprives them the opportunity to contribute ideas in technical areas other than the traditional administrative areas. They also report to bosses who are engineers or doctors, or sales people. While other professionals have heads with titles such as chief engineer, senior doctor, or even senior magistrate, secretaries do not have such heads. Some of the improvements that would be beneficial to this job include widening the scope of work of secretaries and creating a central management system for them. This would require the formation of an independent department for secretaries in as much as they work with various people. This department will give a channel through which secretaries’ issues get address. It will increase professionalism. Bosses will not shout down secretaries as it traditionally happens rather will have a formal channel of dealing with their grievances. A department for secretaries will also enable the organization to manage recruitment and training. It will reduce the costs involved in recruitment and training as this department will organize for a general recruitment for secretaries other than recruiting when one quits and train many at a go. Traditionally the job description of secretaries oscillates between records and the phone. This has lowered the qualifications for this position. Most secretaries get jobs based on having knowledge on computer operations and ability to communicate in a particular language. Increasing the general requirements for entry to professional secretarial papers will encourage the need to acquire this accreditation. This will in turn increase professionalism and ensure maximum delivery based on an increased scope of work derived from training. Having attained this qualification, secretaries will attain a wage corresponding to this profession. They will also not suffer the burdened of workload, as the scope of their job would be determined. In addition to these, their scope of work widens from the traditional roles to new roles including bookkeeping, managing budgets, maintaining company websites and making travel arrangements. References Storey, J. (2007). Human resource management: A critical text. London: Thomson. Shaw, D. G. (1995). Performance measurement, management, and appraisal sourcebook. Amherst, Mass: Human Resource Development Press. Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J. H. (2010). Human resource management. Mason Impacts of job description revision on decision-making About recruitment, the human resources department is able to have a clear definition of what the organization needs. This enables them to hire the most qualified candidate who will ensure high returns. The human resource department will also find it less costly to train such individuals, as they will have quite some knowledge on the job. Job evaluation enables the company to link job requirements and pay for the job. This ensures that the company spends an amount that is equal to the responsibility hence the output. It also enables the employers to determine the jobs that need lees or more workers that are skilled and thus enabling it to hire the corresponding amount of labor to work available. Through this process, as well the company is able to plan its labor force. In case of salary and wage grievances, job description evaluation can be a handy tool for settling this type of grievances. It also eliminates salary inequalities by categorizing jobs with almost similar responsibilities under the same salary range. It thus serves to equate the wage structure. With job description evaluation, the relative and actual worthy of jobs is determined. In this, jobs are classified using criteria like education, levels of experience, amount of responsibility, hazards involved and priced accordingly. This serves to eliminate unfair payment on the part of employees and reduce salary and wage disputes. Sample job description for a lecturer JOB TITLE: Lecturer of Business management FACULTY: Arts and Social Sciences SCHOOL: School of Business Studies DEPARTMENT: Business Management SOURCES: Faculty of Salary Analysis JOB ANALYST: Salaries and Remuneration committee of Irving University Job Description Lecturer of Business management works under the supervision of the head of Department of Business management and the Dean of Faculty school of Business Studies: He is responsible for teaching, assessment, monitoring, evaluation, and research within the school. Purpose: To contribute to teaching activities in the field of Business Management and engage actively in research and income generating activities with a focus on business management. Job Duties and responsibilities Be responsible for organization, preparation, and delivery of teaching, learning in both Higher Education and Further Education. Prepare, implement, monitor, and evaluate test material for assessing student progress. Plan assessment dates, organize assessment material, issue assessment, subsequently view, and review student performance. To contribute to wider student experience through involving them in employability ventures and personal tutoring. To monitor on own teaching practice, reviewing content from time to time, and continually update on delivery content Plan departmental courses together with other faculty Lecturers. Organize field trips fro students as a mean of external learning. Publish in professional and academic journals. To participate actively in research through working on both internally and externally funded projects, contributing to group researches and assisting in bid writing for seeking external funding. To demonstrate good teaching practices using current i nformation, current methods of assessment and appropriate pedagogy. To develop both national and international partnerships both learned friends and professional associations To undertake professional development in relevant area of teaching and research. To work harmoniously with fellow professionals of the faculty and the university at large. Give feed back to educational boards concerning arising students’ needs. Requirements: Proven organization skills including time and material management. Proven three-year lecturing and research experience in the same field. Proven proposal-writing skills with at least four funded projects. A minimum of a master’s degree from an accredited institution. Analytical and interpreting skills leadership and motivational ability Good oral and written communication skills References Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J. H. (2010). Human resource management. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-western. , OH: Thomson/South-western. Compton, R. L., Morrissey, W. J., Nankervis, A. R. (2009). Effective recruitment selection practices. North Ryde, N.S.W: CCH Australia. Mader-Clark, M. (2013). The job description handbook. Berkeley, CA: Nolo Conclusion Job description is an important practice to both employers and employees. To employers matters that affect the performance of their business reflects from their recruitment that depends immensely on the effective job analysis. Without these, an employer is set to suffer the fate of less and poor production, high expenditure on maintenances, compensation of customers and correctional processes. The Employee as well needs to know their job description in order to avoid exploitation by employers. Knowing ones job description and scope of work increases efficiency, reduces confusion, enhances work related communication, and subsequently fosters a vibrant working environment. It is mandatory for employers to develop elaborate job description for their positions that appraisals can reflect true productivity of workers. Equally, it is mandatory for employees to meet changing job description by furthering their knowledge in the fields of interest and practicing flexibility.